In contrast to complexity and accuracy, which may pertain to oral and written second
language L2 performance, fluency is first and foremost a measure of spoken language, even …

This paper provides an outline of the origins, the current shape and the potential directions
of task-based language teaching (TBLT) as an approach to language pedagogy. It first offers …

This study aimed to explore task repetition (TR) under five performance conditions with
different intervals between the initial and repeated performance. 71 adult learners of English …

The literature on planning has grown enormously over the last twenty-five years, and one
wonders what the authors of the two 'seed'articles, Ellis (1987) and Crookes (1989), now …

The study reported in this article investigated the use of input-based tasks with young,
beginner learners of English as a second language by examining both learning outcomes …

Writing is no longer an individual activity but an interactive process through which social
abilities of the learners are reinforced. To promote interaction in the writing class …

Historically, the teaching and testing of speaking have tended to suffer an uneasy
relationship with the major dominant approaches to language teaching methodology …

Studying task repetition for adult and young foreign language learners of English (EFL) has
received growing interest in recent literature within the task-based approach (Bygate, 2009; …

Task-based language teaching research has expanded substantially in foreign language
(FL) contexts but most research studies have been carried out with young adults in university …

Municipal waste sorting is an important but neglected topic within sustainability-oriented
Information Systems research. Most waste management systems depend on the quality of …