Glutamate signalling is an essential aspect of neuronal communication involving many
different glutamate receptors, and underlies the processes of memory, learning and synaptic …

Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise from genetic defects or environmental exposures and
impact a wide range of biological processes. Among these are metabolic pathways involved …

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Individuals with MS
frequently present symptoms such as functional disability, obesity, and anxiety and …

Glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), and γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) are essential amino
acids for brain metabolism and function. Astrocyte-derived Gln is the precursor for the two …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. The therapeutic strategy is now …

Several important questions regarding cognitive aging and dementia in older people with
multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are the focus of this narrative review: Do older PwMS have worse …

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that
destroys the protective coating of central nervous system (CNS) nerve fibers and affects over …

Aging is closely related to the main aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS). The average age of
the MS population is increasing and the number of elderly MS patients is expected to …

Introduction As an inflammatory phenomenon, optic neuritis (ON) that causes demyelination
in the optic nerve damages the retinal cells, and leads to visual impairment. Herein, we …

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors, highly
important in regulating substantial physiologic processes in the brain and the nervous …