Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last
decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease with impact on brain function through
mechanisms that include glucose toxicity, vascular damage and blood–brain barrier (BBB) …

Insulin and leptin are classically regarded as peptide hormones that play key roles in
metabolism. In actuality, they serve several functions in both the periphery and central …

The incidence of metabolic disorders, as well as of neurodegenerative diseases—mainly the
sporadic forms of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease—are increasing worldwide. Notably …

Dementia is a devastating disease associated with aging. Alzheimer's disease is the most
common form of dementia, followed by vascular dementia. In addition to clinically diagnosed …

There is growing evidence that diabetes can induce cognitive decline and dementia. It is a
slow, progressive cognitive decline that can occur in any age group, but is seen more …

Spatially resolved metabolic profiling of brain is vital for elucidating tissue-specific molecular
histology and pathology underlying diabetic encephalopathy (DE). In this study, a spatially …

The pathophysiological mechanisms intersecting metabolic and neurodegenerative
disorders include insulin resistance, which has a strong involvement of environmental …

Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a complication and comorbidity of
diabetes, supported by evidence of abnormal brain structure and function. Although few …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive
dysfunction, memory decline, and behavioral disturbance, and it is pathologically …