Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) show high energy densities and are therefore used in a wide
range of applications: from portable electronics to stationary energy storage systems and …

From their initial discovery in the 1970s through the awarding of the Nobel Prize in 2019, the
use of lithiumion batteries (LIBs) has increased exponentially. 1− 4 As the world has grown …

The world is shifting to electric vehicles to mitigate climate change. Here, we quantify the
future demand for key battery materials, considering potential electric vehicle fleet and …

As climate change is exacerbated and existing resources are depleted, the need for
sustainable industries becomes ever so important. Aviation is not an exception. Despite the …

Over the past few decades, the demand for lithium resources has increased significantly with
the rapid development and extensive application of lithium-ion batteries. Extracting lithium …

Nowadays, several countries have adopted an energy transition policy to achieve carbon
targets and decarbonize transport while improving their electricity mixes. Electric vehicles …

Lithium is the principal component of high-energy-density batteries and is a critical material
necessary for the economy and security of the United States. Brines from geothermal power …

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the core component of the electrification transition, being
used in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage. The …

With the rapid increase of various electronic products with lithium-ion batteries in our daily
life, it is difficult to provide enough supplement to satisfy the growing demand of the market …