Secondary ice production (SIP) plays a key role in the formation of ice particles in
tropospheric clouds. Future improvement of the accuracy of weather prediction and climate …

The formation of ice particles in the Earth's atmosphere strongly affects the properties of
clouds and their impact on climate. Despite the importance of ice formation in determining …

In the atmosphere, microphysics refers to the microscale processes that affect cloud and
precipitation particles and is a key linkage among the various components of Earth's …

Measured ice crystal concentrations in natural clouds at modest supercooling
(temperature~>− 10° C) are often orders of magnitude greater than the number …

Most of our lives are conducted in the cyberspace. The human notion of privacy translates
into a cyber notion of privacy on many functions that take place in the cyberspace. This …

This study attempts a new identification of mechanisms of secondary ice production (SIP)
based on the observation of small faceted ice crystals (hexagonal plates or columns) with …

Agricultural dust emissions have been estimated to contribute around 20% to the global dust
burden. In contrast to dusts from arid source regions, the ice-nucleating abilities of which …

Observations of orographic mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) have long shown that measured ice
crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) can exceed the concentration of ice nucleating …

In situ measurements of Arctic clouds frequently show that ice crystal number concentrations
(ICNCs) are much higher than the number of available ice-nucleating particles (INPs) …

The Goddard microphysics was recently improved by adding a fourth ice class (frozen
drops/hail). This new 4ICE scheme was developed and tested in the Goddard Cumulus …