Much of chemistry is concerned with the study of reactions and processes in solution, that is,
where liquids are used as solvents. 2, 3 The solvent is the (excess) liquid phase in which …

Abstract Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has become an invaluable tool for studying the
micro-and nanoworlds. As a stand-alone, high-resolution imaging technique and force …

Mechanical properties of nanoconfined water layers are still poorly understood and continue
to create controversy, despite their importance for biology and nanotechnology. We report …

Hydration structures at biomolecular surfaces are essential for understanding the
mechanisms of the various biofunctions and stability of biomolecules. Here, we demonstrate …

When in contact with charged solid surfaces, ionic liquids (ILs) are known to form solvation
structures consisting of alternating cation and anion layers. This phenomenon is considered …

The dynamics of ions adsorbed at the surface of immersed charged solids plays a central
role in countless natural and industrial processes such as crystal growth, heterogeneous …

In attempting to perform frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in liquids,
a non-flat phase transfer function in the self-excitation system prevents proper tracking of the …

We determine conservative and dissipative tip–sample interaction forces from the amplitude
and phase response of acoustically driven atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers using …

We use computer modelling to investigate the mechanism of atomic-scale corrugation in
frequency modulation atomic force microscopy imaging of inorganic surfaces in solution …

Extracting quantitative information from amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy (AM-
AFM) in viscous ionic liquids is difficult because existing theory requires knowledge of the …