Recent studies examining the neurobiology of substance abuse have revealed a significant
role of neuroimmune signaling as a mechanism through which drugs of abuse induce …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a persistent public health concern throughout
the world. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a common comorbidity that can worsen …

Chronic use of drugs of abuse affects neuroimmune signaling; however, there are still many
open questions regarding the interactions between neuroimmune mechanisms and …

Astrocytes are fundamental building blocks of the central nervous system. Their dysfunction
has been implicated in many psychiatric disorders, including alcohol use disorder, yet our …

Women have more difficulty maintaining smoking cessation than men, and experience
greater withdrawal symptomatology as well as higher prevalence of relapse. Further …

Addiction is a leading cause of disease burden worldwide and remains a challenge in
current neuroscience research. Drug-induced lasting changes in gene expression are …

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic brain condition, with compulsive and
uncontrollable drug-seeking that leads to long-lasting and harmful consequences. The …

Chronic drug self-administration and withdrawal are associated with distinct neuroimmune
adaptations that may increase drug craving and relapse vulnerability in humans. The …

Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently use other substances, including
cocaine. Opioid withdrawal is associated with increased likelihood of cocaine use, which …

Women report greater cigarette cravings during the menstrual cycle phase with higher
circulating levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), which is metabolized to estrone (E1). Both E2 and E1 …