Vegetation indices (VIs), which describe remotely sensed vegetation properties such as
photosynthetic activity and canopy structure, are widely used to study vegetation dynamics …

Green water—terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture—is fundamental to
Earth system dynamics and is now extensively perturbed by human pressures at continental …

Climate tipping points occur when change in a part of the climate system becomes self-
perpetuating beyond a warming threshold, leading to substantial Earth system impacts …

Significant progress has been made in direct air capture (DAC) in recent years. Evidence
suggests that the large-scale deployment of DAC by adsorption would be technically …

Enhancing the terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink (referred to as terrestrial C sink) is an
important way to slow down the continuous increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) …

The productivity of ecosystems and their capacity to support life depends on access to
reactive nitrogen (N). Over the past century, humans have more than doubled the global …

Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency and
intensity of different abiotic stresses, such as droughts, heat waves, cold snaps, and …

Climate change is expected to impact the functioning of the entire Earth system. However,
detecting changes in ecosystem dynamics and attributing such change to anthropogenic …

The ratio of carbon assimilation to water evapotranspiration (ET) of an ecosystem, referred to
as ecosystem water use efficiency (WUEeco), is widely expected to increase because of the …

China has experienced unprecedented urbanization and associated rural depopulation
during recent decades alongside a massive increase in the total population. By using …