Mechanical properties of extracellular matrices (ECMs) regulate essential cell behaviours,
including differentiation, migration and proliferation, through mechanotransduction. Studies …

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological
studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research …

Matrigel, a basement-membrane matrix extracted from Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm mouse
sarcomas, has been used for more than four decades for a myriad of cell-culture …

Organoids are 3D cell culture systems that mimic some of the structural and functional
characteristics of an organ. Organoid cultures provide the opportunity to study organ-level …

In vitro differentiation of human intestinal organoids (HIOs) from pluripotent stem cells is an
unparalleled system for creating complex, multicellular three-dimensional structures capable …

Recent advances in 3D cell culture technology have enabled scientists to generate stem cell
derived organoids that recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of native …

Organoids are lumen‐containing multicellular structures that recapitulate key features of the
organs, and are increasingly used in models of disease, drug testing, and regenerative …

As miniaturized and simplified stem cell-derived 3D organ-like structures, organoids are
rapidly emerging as powerful tools for biomedical applications. With their potential for …

Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) represent a powerful system to study human
development and are promising candidates for clinical translation as drug-screening tools or …

Stem cell‐derived kidney organoids contain nephron segments that recapitulate
morphological and functional aspects of the human kidney. However, directed differentiation …