Advances in immunosuppression have propelled kidney transplantation from a scientific
curiosity to the optimal treatment for patients with end stage kidney disease. Declining rates …

Results We included 28 randomized, controlled trials with 6211 participants classified into
comparison 1: mTOR inhibitor versus calcineurin inhibitor and comparison 2: mTOR inhibitor …

Despite their clinical efficacy, concerns about calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) toxicity make
alternative regimens that reduce CNI exposure attractive for renal transplant recipients. In …

Sirolimus, an immunosuppressant option for kidney transplant recipients, may reduce
cancer risk by interrupting the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. However, studies of …

Background In a phase 2 study, kidney transplant recipients of low immunologic risk who
switched from a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) to belatacept had improved kidney function at 12 …

With advances in immunosuppressive therapy, there have been significant improvements in
acute rejection rates and short‐term allograft survival in kidney transplant recipients …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have been used in transplantation with
the hope of minimizing calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-induced nephrotoxicity. However, mTOR …

BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease is a long-term irreversible decline in kidney
function requiring renal replacement therapy: kidney transplantation, haemodialysis or …

Haematospermia (or haemospermia) is a distressing symptom in sexually active men. In
most cases, it is caused by non-specific inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles. In …

Background mTOR-Is positively influence the occurrence and course of certain tumors after
solid organ transplantation. The effect of mTOR-Is on the overall incidence of tumors …