Fungi comprise approximately 20% of all eukaryotic species and are connected to virtually
all life forms on Earth. Yet, their diversity remains contentious, their distribution elusive, and …

The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in
species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly …

In the traditional biogeographic model, the Galápagos Islands appeared a few million years
ago in a sea where no other islands existed and were colonized from areas outside the …

We present phylogenetic analyses of the fruticose Ramalinaceae based on extensive
collections from many parts of the world, with a special focus on the Vizcaíno deserts in north …

Recent studies have uncovered remarkable diversity in Dictyonema s. lat. basidiolichens,
here recognized as subtribe Dictyonemateae. This group includes five genera and 148 …

The Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) have a unique ecosystem on Earth due to their
outstanding biodiversity and geological features. This also extends to their subterranean …

Lichens collected worldwide for centuries have resulted in millions of specimens deposited
in herbaria that offer the potential to assess species boundaries, phenotypic diversification …

Traditional taxonomic studies provide only a limited understanding of species richness
within a group. Their usefulness for assessing species diversity could also be limited as …

Bird‐mediated dispersal is presumed to be important in the dissemination of many different
types of organisms, but concrete evidence remains scarce. This is especially true for biota …

Phylogenetic approaches to macroevolution have provided unique insight into evolutionary
relationships, ancestral ranges, and diversification patterns for many taxa. Similar …