There is considerable interest in the occurrence and molecular mechanisms of phenotypic
plasticity and genotype-by-environment interactions (G× E) in plant populations. The …

Shifting the seasonal timing of reproduction is a major goal of plant breeding efforts to
produce novel varieties that are better adapted to local environments and changing climatic …

Correct developmental timing is essential for plant fitness and reproductive success. Two
important transitions in shoot development—the juvenile-to-adult vegetative transition and …

Cytokinins (CKs) regulate plant growth and development via a complex network of CK
signaling. Here, we perform functional analyses with CK-deficient plants to provide direct …

Plants with a winter growth habit flower earlier when exposed for several weeks to cold
temperatures, a process called vernalization. We report here the positional cloning of the …

Life history theory seeks to explain the evolution of the major features of life cycles by
analyzing the ecological factors that shape age-specific schedules of growth, reproduction …

To ensure flowering in favourable conditions, many plants flower only after an extended
period of cold, namely winter. In Arabidopsis, the acceleration of flowering by prolonged …

In this article, we review environmentally mediated epigenetic regulation in plants using two
case histories. One of these, vernalization, mediates adaptation of plants to different …

Vegetative phase change is regulated by a decrease in the abundance of the miRNAs,
miR156 and miR157, and the resulting increase in the expression of their targets …

In biennials and winter annuals, flowering is typically blocked in the first growing season.
Exposure to the prolonged cold of winter, through a process called vernalization, is required …