The analgesia nociception index (ANI) has emerged as a potential measurement for
objective pain assessment during general anesthesia. This systematic review and meta …

Purpose Opioids are the primary analgesics used in patients undergoing spine surgery.
Postoperative pain is common despite their liberal use and so are opioid-associated side …

Inadequate antinociception during skull pin fixation may cause hemodynamic instability in
intracranial surgery. The optimal concentration of remifentanil to provide adequate …

Hence, research on scalp block has preferentially sided with its use as an anaesthetic
adjunct. Addition of adjuvants to local anaesthetics is termed as multimodal perineural …

Abstract Introduction Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) as a monitor of peri-operative
nociception-anti-nociception balance has not been studied in paediatric neurosurgery. The …

Objectives: Pain is common after craniotomy. Its incidence and predictors in developing
nations are not adequately studied. We aimed to assess the incidence, predictors, and …

Background and Objective: To analyze the effects of several drug for pain prevention in
adults undergoing craniotomy for elective brain surgery. Material and Methods: A systematic …

Dexmedetomidine decreases heart rate (HR) and increases high frequency (HF) component
of HR variability (HRV). Analgesia Nociception Index (ANI) measures nociception by …

Background Skull pin insertion causes hypertension and tachycardia that adversely affects
cerebral hemodynamics. We compared the efficacy of sterile silicone studs (SS) and pin site …

Objective Skull pin insertion in patients undergoing craniotomies elicits hemodynamic and
neuroendocrine stress response that may be deleterious to the patient. Various drugs and …