The innate immune response involves a concerted network of induced gene products,
preformed immune effectors, biochemical signalling cascades and specialised cells …

Though the metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown favorable results against fungal
diseases, erratic environmental toxicity of NPs have raised serious concerns against their …

Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized by ionic gelation method and its
immunomodulatory properties were investigated in zebrafish larvae. Average particle size …

Saprolegniasis is one of the most devastating oomycete diseases in freshwater fish which is
caused by species in the genus Saprolegnia including Saprolegnia parasitica. In this study …

Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an economical important farmed fish in
China.“Visceral White Spot Disease” caused by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a disease …

Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a rod-shaped, gram-negative bacterium with flagella. It
causes visceral white spot disease and high mortality in Larimichthys crocea during culture …

Fusarium oxysporum is an ascomycete facultative fungus which generally affects to plants.
However, it is recently known as a serious emerging opportunistic pathogen of human and …

Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles containing RNA, lipid, and protein, which act in body
immune response, intercellular signaling and some other important biological processes …

Copper-zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) from Hippocampus abdominalis
(HaCuZnSOD) is a metalloenzyme which belongs to the ubiquitous family of SODs. Here …

Complement system is one of the most important defense systems of innate immunity, which
plays a crucial role in disease defense responses in channel catfish. However, inappropriate …