New research has shown that the development of osteoarthritis (OA) is regulated by different
mechanisms of cell death and types of cytokines. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are short-lived and highly reactive molecules. The
generation of ROS in cells exists in equilibrium with a variety of antioxidant defences. At low …

Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most popular and safe pain medications worldwide.
However, due to its wide availability, it is frequently implicated in intentional or unintentional …

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription
factors. The VDR is expressed in diverse brain regions and has been implicated in the …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by severe neuronal loss; however, the
mechanisms by which neurons die remain elusive. Necroptosis, a programmed form of …

Cell death, as a final cellular decision which is reached following complex communications,
represents a critical process with which to maintain organismic homeostasis. Different …

Regulated cell death is intrinsically associated with inflammatory liver disease and is pivotal
in governing outcomes of metabolic liver disease. Different types of cell death may coexist …

Immune-checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have revolutionized oncology and firmly established the
subfield of immuno-oncology. Despite this renaissance, a subset of cancer patients remain …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint pathology characterized by progressive cartilage degradation.
Medical care is mainly based on alleviating pain symptoms. Compelling studies report the …

The innate immune system provides the first line of defense against cellular perturbations.
Innate immune activation elicits inflammatory programmed cell death in response to …