The intestinal tract faces numerous challenges that require several layers of defence. The
tight epithelium forms a physical barrier that is further protected by a mucus layer, which …

The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a
fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling …

Stromal cells in adult bone marrow that express leptin receptor (LEPR) are a critical source
of growth factors, including stem cell factor (SCF), for the maintenance of haematopoietic …

The prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic disease coupled with kidney dysfunction is
increasing worldwide. This triad of disorders is associated with considerable morbidity and …

Stress is recognized as an important issue in basic and clinical neuroscience research,
based upon the founding historical studies by Walter Canon and Hans Selye in the past …

BACKGROUND Metabolism can be broadly divided into anabolic, energy-consuming,
biosynthetic processes and energy-generating catabolic processes. Different biological …

Non-invasive and accurate access of biomarkers remains a holy grail of the biomedical
community. Human eccrine sweat is a surprisingly biomarker-rich fluid which is gaining …

Human embryogenesis is hallmarked by two phases of yolk sac development. The primate
hypoblast gives rise to a transient primary yolk sac, which is rapidly superseded by a …

In recent years, the intestinal mucosa has proven to be an intriguing organ to study tissue
oxygenation. The highly vascularized lamina propria juxtaposed to an anaerobic lumen …

The kidneys operate at the interface of plasma and urine by clearing molecular waste
products while retaining valuable solutes. Genetic studies of paired plasma and urine …