The greatest disease-producing product known to man is tobacco. It is a cause of many oral
diseases and adverse oral conditions. In India, tobacco is available in smokeless and …

Human biomonitoring (HBM) measures the levels of substances in body fluids and tissues.
Many countries have conducted HBM studies, yet little is known about its application …

Background Accumulating epidemiological studies have demonstrated that smoking caused
damage to human health. However, these studies almost focused on the individual smoking …

Nicotine is the primary addictive substance in tobacco smoke and electronic cigarette (e-cig)
vapour. Methodological limitations have made it difficult to compare the role of the nicotine …

Background The association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) during
pregnancy and a child's neurodevelopment has not been established yet. We explored the …

Cigarette smoking is believed to affect thyroid function and autoimmune thyroid disease.
However, there is little information to analyze their association using objective biomarkers …

Background: Urinary cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is a marker of tobacco smoke
exposure. A cutoff value for cotinine concentration can be set to distinguish smokers from …

Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors for suboptimal vitamin D status in
Korean adolescents and to assess its relationship with atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma at …

Background: The association between smoking and metabolic syndrome has not been
clarified, especially for women, probably because of the inaccurate self-reported smoking …

Introduction Cigarette smoke increases peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count. However,
the dose-dependent association between smoking and C-reactive protein (CRP), an …