Angiosperms and their flowers have greatly diversified into an overwhelming array of forms
in the past 135 million years. Diversification was shaped by changes in climate and the …

Flower morphology results from the interaction of an established genetic program, the
influence of external forces induced by pollination systems, and physical forces acting …

Increasingly robust understanding of angiosperm phylogeny allows more secure
reconstruction of the flower in the most recent common ancestor of extant angiosperms and …

Eudicots and their currently recognized major subclades are characterized as to floral
structure (including some “embryological” features) based on ca. 3000 original publications …

Portulaca is the only genus in Portulacaceae and has ca. 100 species distributed worldwide,
mainly in the tropics and subtropics. Molecular data place the genus as one of the closest …

Molecular phylogenetics has revolutionized our understanding of the Caryophyllales, and
yet many relationships have remained uncertain, particularly at deeper levels. We have …

Background A general view in the study of pollination syndromes is that floral traits usually
represent convergent floral adaptations to specific functional pollinator groups. However, the …

Developmental genetic pathways involved in flower formation in model plants such as
Arabidopsis and maize enable us to identify genes, gene families, and gene networks that …

An increasingly robust phylogenetic framework based on molecular and fossil data clarifies
the sequence of evolutionary innovations in land plants. Oogamy and cellular novelties …

Background and aims–The term'petal'is loosely applied to a variety of showy non-
homologous structures, generally situated in the second whorl of a differentiated perianth …