Confusion is a novel concept of isomerism in porphyrin chemistry, delivering a steady
stream of new chemistry since the discovery of N-confused porphyrin, a porphyrin mutant, in …

The world of modified porphyrins changed forever when an N-confused porphyrin (NCP), a
porphyrin isomer, was first published in 1994. The replacement of one inner nitrogen with a …

The use of cyclic polyene perimeter-model approaches, such as Gouterman's four-orbital
model and Michl's perimeter model, to analyze trends in the electronic structures and optical …

Following immediately after the serendipitous discovery of N-confused porphyrins,
remarkably diverse carbaporphyrinoid systems have been synthesized and investigated. By …

The four pyrrole rings and four meso carbons of tetrapyrrolic porphyrins can be arranged in
different ways and the resulting porphyrin isomers exhibit very distinct electronic properties …

The unique environment within the core of carbaporphyrinoid systems provides a platform to
explore unusual organometallic chemistry. The ability of these structures to form stable …

The reaction of a carbatripyrrin with a tellurophene dicarbinol in the presence of BF3· Et2O,
followed by oxidation with DDQ, afforded the first example of a telluracarbaporphyrin …

The first examples of porphyrin analogues incorporating pyrene units are reported. Acid-
catalyzed condensation of a pyrene dialdehyde with a tripyrrane, followed by oxidation with …

Advances in the utilization of porphyrinoids for photomedicine, catalysis, and artificial
photosynthesis require a fundamental understanding of the relationships between their …

Pyrazoloporphyrins (PzPs), which are porphyrin analogues incorporating a pyrazole
subunit, are examples of carbaporphyrin-type structures with a carbon atom within the …