The accurate uneven cross-sectional area probability distribution of corroded rebars is
critical to the reliability assessment of the corroded reinforced concrete structure. The cross …

Extended growth of existing cracks in reinforced concrete (RC) structures may negatively
impact structural performance and cause great risks to structural safety. However, the …

This study surveys and provides insights into the arc of federal government financial
reporting developments, including the reporting mandate contained in the Constitution of the …

Civil infrastructure may degrade due to the adverse effects of continuous damage (eg,
reinforcement corrosion) and sudden shocks (eg, earthquakes) during its service life. Many …

Purpose Effective maintenance of rural roads is an essential aspect of public infrastructure
delivery. However, governments failed to upkeep the built infrastructure. Accordingly, this …

Purpose This paper focuses on one vital consequence which is that future infrastructure
maintenance cost per capita will increase. Using a sample of 23 developed countries, this …

The places where people live, work, learn, play, age, and pray can have significant effects
on individual and community health outcomes. This includes, for example, homes, schools …

To meet the requirements of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21)
Act of 2012, a life-cycle cost analysis management (LCCAM) tool was developed to manage …

The roadway system is critical to social development, economic growth, and the overall
quality of life. In the US, the condition of highways and roads is being compromised due to …

In an effort to promote economic development, state-level policymakers have exercised
discretion over the use of public money to incentivize subsidy packages for decades …