The adaptive immune response to influenza virus infection is multifaceted and complex,
involving antibody and cellular responses at both systemic and mucosal levels. Immune …

Seasonal influenza vaccines lack efficacy against drifted or pandemic influenza strains.
Developing improved vaccines that elicit broader immunity remains a public health priority …

Seasonal influenza viruses constantly change through antigenic drift and the emergence of
pandemic influenza viruses through antigenic shift is unpredictable. Conventional influenza …

Influenza vaccines that confer broad and durable protection against diverse viral strains
would have a major effect on global health, as they would lessen the need for annual …

The ideal vaccine against viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 must provide a
robust, durable and broad immune protection against multiple viral variants. However …

Understanding immune responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection will facilitate the development of next-generation …

Currently, licensed seasonal influenza vaccines display variable vaccine effectiveness, and
there remains a need for novel vaccine platforms capable of inducing broader responses …

Repeated exposure to pathogens or their antigens triggers anamnestic antibody responses
that are higher in magnitude and affinity than the primary response. These involve …

Influenza vaccines could be improved by platforms inducing cross-reactive immunity.
Immunodominance of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) head in currently licensed vaccines …

Current yearly seasonal influenza vaccines primarily induce an antibody response directed
against the immunodominant but continually diversifying hemagglutinin (HA) head region …