The incidence of hospital-and community-acquired infections has been dramatically
increased worldwide. Accordingly, hands hygiene and the use of disinfectants have been …

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been rapidly spreading across
the globe since the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the disease outbreak as …

(1) Background: recently, the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHSs) has become
very frequent, and an evaluation of the stability and effectiveness of their formulations is a …

Coronaviruses are a diverse family of viruses, and new strains can emerge. While the
majority of coronavirus strains cause mild respiratory illnesses, a few are responsible for …

Disinfectants are used intensively to control and prevent healthcare-associated infections.
With continuous use and exposure to disinfectants, bacteria may develop reduced …

Laccase enzymes have been used widely in industrial fields such as textile, pulp, paper,
food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Laccase is used in toothpaste, mouthwash …

An integral part of the human body is the hands, which most frequently come into contact
with various items; they can be an intermediary for spreading infections from hands to food …

Passiflora edulis leaf extracts were added as an active ingredient for alcohol-based hand
sanitizer (ABHS). Matured leaves were air-dried, powdered, and soaked in methanol (1: 10 …

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be susceptible to a variety of antibiotics
and disinfectants, and this resistance has become a major problem, particularly among …

Background: Hand sanitizers generally contain alcohol. However, it can cause dry and
irritated skin. Therefore, it is necessary to find antibacterial alternatives that are safe for the …