Immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape for cancer over the past decade.
Inhibitors of the immune checkpoint proteins cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 …

Our understanding of how the microbiota affects the balance between response to and
failure of cancer treatment by modulating the tumour microenvironment and systemic …

Gut microbiota‐derived metabolites are key hubs connecting the gut microbiome and cancer
progression, primarily by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and regulating key …

Amino acids are fundamental units of molecular components that are essential for sustaining
life; however, their metabolism is closely interconnected to the control systems of cell …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint destruction,
synovitis, and pannus formation. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may exert direct pathogenic …

Tryptophan is metabolized by microorganisms into various indole derivatives that have been
proven to alleviate diseases and promote human health. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer therapy; however, their
application is limited by the occurrence of immune-related adverse events. The gut …

The global incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are gradually
increasing. A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to disrupt intestinal homeostasis and aggravate …

Immunotherapy is one of the fastest developing areas in the field of oncology. Many
immunological treatment strategies for refractory tumors have been approved and marketed …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed how we think about tumor management.
Combinations of anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy have become the …