Bioactive sphingolipids—ceramide, sphingosine, and their respective 1-phosphates (C1P
and S1P)—are signaling molecules serving as intracellular second messengers. Moreover …

Insulin receptors, as well as IGF-1 receptors and their postreceptor signaling partners, are
distributed throughout the brain. Insulin acts on these receptors to modulate peripheral …

Twenty-nine years following the breakthrough discovery that a single-gene mutation of daf-2
doubles Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan, it remains unclear where this insulin/IGF-1 …

Increasing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), consisting of superoxide,
hydrogen peroxide, and multiple others, do not only cause oxidative stress, but rather may …

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans ages and dies in a few weeks, but humans can live
for 100 years or more. Assuming that the ancestor we share with nematodes aged rapidly …

Central and peripheral insulin-like peptides (ILPs), which include insulin, insulin-like growth
factor 1 (IGF1) and IGF2, exert many effects in the brain. Through their actions on brain …

In mammals, the neuroendocrine system, which includes the communication between the
hypothalamus and the pituitary, plays a major role in controlling body growth and cellular …

Various nutritional, behavioral, and pharmacological interventions have been previously
shown to extend life span in diverse model organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae …

Cortical development depends on the active integration of cell-autonomous and extrinsic
cues, but the coordination of these processes is poorly understood. Here, we show that the …

Previous studies have shown that insulin and IGF-1 signaling in the brain, especially the
hypothalamus, is important for regulation of systemic metabolism. Here, we develop mice in …