The operation of fundamental forces in quantum field theory is explicated here as the
exchange of particles, consistently with the standard methodology of particle physics. The …

The question of whether virtual quantum particles exist is considered here in light of
previous critical analysis and under the assumption that there are particles in the world as …

In recent years, analytic philosophers have begun to recognize the value of the French
school of historical epistemology (as embodied by figures such as Jean Cavaillès, Gaston …

Throughout the history of quantum theory,“an elementary particle” has been a problem to
which only fragments of a possible solution could be offered. At a certain point of this …

The way from the path integral to Feynman diagrams is sketched. The emphasis is put on
the decrease of complexity in this process, from infinite-dimensional integrals down to the …

This paper pushes back against the Democritean-Newtonian tradition of assuming a strict
conceptual dichotomy between spacetime and matter. Our approach proceeds via the more …

Over the last 70 years, Feynman diagrams have played an essential role in the development
of many theoretical predictions derived from the standard model Lagrangian. In fact, today …

Starting from a survey of current theories of scientific understanding, I offer a new account
that reveals the extent to which these theories are in fact complementary. Rather than …

I will argue that the development of Feynman diagrams came from the physicist's capacity of
visualizing phenomena and that such visualization-skill contributed to the forming of a …

This paper will not present a case study of the historical development of a virtual entity.
Rather, I will develop an outlook on virtual entities in the sciences and propose a …