DNA is traditionally known as a central genetic biomolecule in living systems. From an
alternative perspective, DNA is a versatile molecular building-block for the construction of …

Cells are integral to all forms of life due to their compartmentalization by the plasma
membrane. However, living organisms are immensely complex. Thus there is a need for …

Recent years have seen substantial efforts aimed at constructing artificial cells from various
molecular components with the aim of mimicking the processes, behaviours and …

With the ultimate aim to construct a living cell, bottom-up synthetic biology strives to
reconstitute cellular phenomena in vitro–disentangled from the complex environment of a …

Building synthetic protocells and prototissues hinges on the formation of biomimetic skeletal
frameworks. Recreating the complexity of cytoskeletal and exoskeletal fibers, with their …

Cytoskeletal elements, like actin and myosin, have been reconstituted inside lipid vesicles
toward the vision to reconstruct cells from the bottom up. Here, we realize the de novo …

One of the grand challenges of bottom-up synthetic biology is the development of minimal
machineries for cell division. The mechanical transformation of large-scale compartments …

Fabrication of artificial biomimetic materials has attracted abundant attention. As one of the
subcategories of biomimetic materials, artificial cells are highly significant for multiple …

Despite the astonishing diversity and complexity of living systems, they all share five
common hallmarks: compartmentalization, growth and division, information processing …

DNA has the potential to achieve a controllable macromolecular structure, such as
hydrogels or droplets formed through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), as the design of …