Background Endoscopic skull‐base surgery (ESBS) is employed in the management of
diverse skull‐base pathologies. Paralleling the increased utilization of ESBS, the literature in …

External approaches to the orbit are well established, including transconjunctival,
transcranial, or lateral orbitotomies, depending on the localization of the lesion. Among …

OBJECTIVE Orbital tumors are often surgically challenging because they require an
extensive fronto-temporo-orbital zygomatic approach (FTOZ) and a multidisciplinary team …

Background: Spheno-orbital meningiomas (SOMs) are rare tumors arising from the
meninges surrounding the sphenoid bone and orbital structures. Surgical resection is the …

OBJECTIVE The endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) and transorbital anterior
clinoidectomy have been suggested as novel procedures through which to reach the …

OBJECTIVE Different surgical routes have been used over the years to achieve adequate
decompression of the optic nerve in its canal including, more recently, endoscopic …

Purpose The orbital apex is the narrowest part of the orbit, housing the link between the
intracranial cavity and orbit. Knowledge of orbital apex anatomy is crucial to selecting a …

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has significantly evolved since its initial uses in
pituitary and sinonasal surgery. The literature is filled with reports and case series …

Orbital pathologies can be complex to manage surgically. In this article, we describe some of
the most common and relevant approaches to orbital tumours. For each approach we …

(1) Background: Spheno-orbital meningioma (SOM) is a very rare subtype of meningioma
which arises from the sphenoid ridge with an orbital extension. It exhibits intraosseous tumor …