Classical plant breeding was extremely successful in generating high yielding crop varieties.
Yet, in modern crops, the long domestication process has impoverished the genetic diversity …

Agrobacterium rhizogenes is the etiological agent for hairy-root disease (also known as root-
mat disease). This bacterium induces the neoplastic growth of plant cells that differentiate to …

Inert or biologically active particles are propelled at cells at a speed whereby the particles
penetrate the surface of the cells and become incorporated into the interior of the cells. The …

We report here a 100-fold increased frequency of plastid transformation in tobacco by
selection for a chimeric aadA gene encoding aminoglycoside 3"-adenylyltransferase, as …

Stable genetic transformation of the plastid genome is reported in a higher plant, Nicotiana
tabacum. Plastid transformation was obtained after bombardment of leaves with tungsten …

In Caenorhabditis elegans, transgenic lines are typically created by injecting DNA into the
hermaphrodite germline to form multicopy extrachromosomal DNA arrays. This technique is …

The biolistic process is still rapidly evolving. We do not anticipate further major
improvements in biolistic apparatus. There will probably still be further major improvements …

To evaluate the physiological significance of cyclic electron flow around photosystem (PS) I,
we used a reverse genetic approach to focus on 11 chloroplast genes that encode …

Chimeric chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and beta-galactosidase marker genes were
coated onto fine gold particles and used to bombard a variety of mammalian tissues and …

The biolistic process represents a completely new approach to the problem of how to deliver
DNA into intact cells and tissues. High velocity microprojectiles are used to carry DNA or …