The use of radioactive isotopes, such as Cs-137, to measure formation density is a common
practice; however, it poses high risks such as environmental contamination from lost …

In the late stage of oilfield development, thin reservoirs become particularly important for oil
and gas exploration. However, current density logging, as a primary method of reservoir …

Formation bulk density is one of the critical parameters for formation evaluation. As a safe
and environmentally friendly method, the pulsed neutron-gamma density (NGD) …

With favorable trap conditions and comprehensive infrastructure, depleted gas reservoirs
create ideal spaces for the economic and efficient storage of carbon dioxide (CO 2) …

Formation density is one of the most important parameters in formation evaluation.
Radioisotope chemical sources are used widely in conventional gamma-gamma density …

CO 2 enhanced oil recovery (CO 2-EOR) project is of significance for CO 2 sequestration
and heavy oil recovery. Quantitative monitoring of CO 2 saturation (S CO2) is essential to …

The identification of fluid types has always been the focus of oil and gas field exploration
and development research. At this stage, a large amount of CO2 has been found in many …

Radioactive chemical sources can pose security, health, and environmental risks when used
to estimate rock porosity in situ. The oil industry has been developing solutions to eliminate …

Formation density is one of the most important parameters in formation evaluation. The
radioisotope chemical sources are widely used in conventional nuclear logging tools …

With the increasing demand for the radioisotope-free operations, using pulsed neutron
gamma density (NGD) instead of gamma-gamma density (GGD) has become increasingly …