Antigenic variation as a strategy to evade the host adaptive immune response has evolved
in divergent pathogens. Antigenic variation involves restricted, and often mutually exclusive …

Survival of the African trypanosome within its mammalian hosts, and hence transmission
between hosts, relies upon antigenic variation, where stochastic changes in the composition …

Background Photosynthetic euglenids are major contributors to fresh water ecosystems.
Euglena gracilis in particular has noted metabolic flexibility, reflected by an ability to thrive in …

Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan parasite that evades its host's adaptive immune
response by repeatedly replacing its dense variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat from its …

An intriguing and remarkable feature of African trypanosomes is their antigenic variation
system, mediated by the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) family and fundamental to both …

RNA–DNA hybrids are epigenetic features of all genomes that intersect with many
processes, including transcription, telomere homeostasis, and centromere function …

Introduction: Trypanosoma brucei uses antigenic variation to evade the host antibody
clearance by periodically changing its Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSGs) coat. T. brucei …

Switching of the Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) in Trypanosoma brucei provides a
crucial host immune evasion strategy that is catalysed both by transcription and …

For persistent infections of the mammalian host, African trypanosomes limit their population
size by quorum sensing of the parasite-excreted stumpy induction factor (SIF), which …

Trypanosoma brucei is a kinetoplastid parasite that causes African trypanosomiasis, which
is fatal if left untreated. T. brucei regularly switches its major surface antigen, VSG, to evade …