Historically, the term 'keratin'stood for all of the proteins extracted from skin modifications,
such as horns, claws and hooves. Subsequently, it was realized that this keratin is actually a …

Cervix [1] The surface of the original squamous epithelium of the ectocervix is smooth and
pink. The surface of the original columnar epithelium of the endocervix is more irregular …

Gastrointestinal tract tumors include a wide variety of vastly different tumors and on a whole
are one of the most common malignancies in western countries. These tumors often present …

The gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), which is defined as the point where the distal
esophagus joins the proximal stomach (cardia), is a short anatomic area that is commonly …

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a cancer syndrome caused by germline variants
in CDH1, the gene encoding the cell–cell adhesion molecule E‐cadherin. Loss of E …

Background When discussing the management of the patient described in this report,
physicians often focus on the semantic issue of what to call the condition. Does this patient …

Helicobacter pylori infection and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) account for
most upper gastrointestinal pathologies with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The …

Intestinal metaplasia is a cancer precursor in the esophagus and the stomach. Marked
differences exist between the carcinogenic processes in the two locations in terms of natural …

BACKGROUND Because of a rapid increase in the incidence of Barrett's cancer, the
appropriate surveillance method for Barrett's esophagus is of interest. Methylene blue …

High incidence of gastric cancer-related death is mainly due to diagnosis at an advanced
stage in addition to the lack of adequate neoadjuvant therapy. Hence, new tools aimed at …