The acquisition of literacy transforms the human brain. By reviewing studies of illiterate
subjects, we propose specific hypotheses on how the functions of core brain systems are …

The right hemispheric lateralization of face recognition, which is well documented and
appears to be specific to the human species, remains a scientific mystery. According to a …

Formally, availability of education for children has increased around the world over the last
decades. However, despite having a successful formal education career, adults can become …

Why are there different languages? A common explanation is that different languages arise
from the gradual accumulation of random changes. Here, we argue that, beyond these …

The cause of developmental dyslexia is still unknown despite decades of intense research.
Many causal explanations have been proposed, based on the range of impairments …

As in many other social sciences, second/additional language (Lx) researchers are often
interested in generalizing their findings beyond the samples they collect data from. However …

Many experimental studies have investigated the relationship between the acquisition of
reading and working memory in a unidirectional way, attempting to determine to what extent …

Since the emergence of our species at least, natural selection based on genetic variation
has been replaced by culture as the major driving force in human evolution. It has made us …

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) have revealed multiple mechanisms by which
contextual constraints impact language processing. At the same time, little work has …

It is now well established that anticipation of upcoming input is a key characteristic of spoken
language comprehension. It has also frequently been observed that literacy influences …