The serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified and
studied in the regulation of glycogen synthesis. GSK-3 functions in a wide range of cellular …

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of several key conserved intercellular signaling
pathways in animals, and plays fundamental roles in the proliferation, regeneration …

Despite progress in treatment approaches for oral cancer, there has been only modest
improvement in patient outcomes in the past three decades. The frequent treatment failure is …

Significant progress has been made to identify the cells at the foundation of tumorigenesis,
the cancer cell of origin (CCO). The majority of data points towards resident adult stem cells …

Epigenetic modifications have emerged into one of the cancer hallmarks, replacing the
concept of malignant pathologies as being solely genetic-based conditions. The epigenetic …

The application of network pharmacology (NP) has advanced our understanding of the
complex molecular mechanisms underlying diseases, including neck, head, and oral …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common type of head and
neck tumor. It is a high incidence malignant tumor associated with a low survival rate and …

The regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) family is a diverse group of multifunctional
proteins that regulate cellular signaling events downstream of G-protein coupled receptors …

Oral carcinogenesis is a complex and multifactorial process that involves cumulative genetic
and molecular alterations, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation, impaired DNA repair …

Abstract Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) plays an essential role in assisting many newly
synthesized proteins to reach their native forms. Increased HSP60 expression is observed in …