Ion channels on the surface membrane of sinoatrial nodal pacemaker cells (SANCs) are the
proximal cause of an action potential. Each individual channel type has been thoroughly …

The heart automaticity is a fundamental physiological function in higher organisms. The
spontaneous activity is initiated by specialized populations of cardiac cells generating …

Optimal cardiac function depends on proper timing of excitation and contraction in various
regions of the heart, as well as on appropriate heart rate. This is accomplished via …

The calcium ion (Ca2+) is the simplest and most versatile intracellular messenger known.
The discovery of Ca2+ sparks and a related family of elementary Ca2+ signaling events has …

The sinoatrial node is perhaps one of the most important tissues in the entire body: it is the
natural pacemaker of the heart, making it responsible for initiating each-and-every normal …

Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although
recent advances in cell-based models, including human-induced pluripotent stem cell …

About 50 years ago, pioneering work initiated by Silvio Weidmann and others applied the
Hodgkin-Huxley formalism of membrane excitation to interpret the cardiac electrical activity …

Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that sinoatrial node cells (SANC) generate
spontaneous, rhythmic, local subsarcolemmal Ca2+ releases (Ca2+ clock), which occur …

Sepsis has emerged as a global health burden associated with multiple organ dysfunction
and 20% mortality rate in patients. Numerous clinical studies over the past two decades …

Purpose Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is one of the main pillars of cardiovascular
pathophysiology. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of …