Despite various advantages, opioid peptides have been limited in their therapeutic uses due
to the main drawbacks in metabolic stability, blood-brain barrier permeability, and …

Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease are major forms of chronic
visceral pain, which affect over 15% of the global population. In order to identify new …

Background Diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐D) is a functional
gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, which occurs more frequently in women than men. The aim of …

Background and Aims Berberine and its derivatives display potent analgesic, anti-
inflammatory and anticancer activity. Here we aimed at characterizing the mechanism of …

TRPV1 are involved in the control of the gastrointestinal (GI) functions and pain sensation.
Their activation induces pain but it is followed by desensitization, which in turn causes …

Naturally occurring secondary amino acids, with proline as the main representative, contain
an alpha-imino group in a cycle that is typically four-, five-, and six-membered. The unique …

Serine proteases are heavily present in the gastrointestinal tract where they are essential in
numerous physiological processes. An imbalance in the proteolytic activity is a central …

This mini-review summarizes recent new developments in visceral analgesics. This
promising field is important, as a new approach to address abdominal pain with peripheral …

The endogenous opioid system (EOS) is considered being a crucial element involved in the
pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) as it regulates gastrointestinal (GI) …

Abstract Calea zacatechichi Schltdl.(Asteraceae alt. Compositae) is a Mexican plant
commonly used in folk medicine to treat respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. The …