The complexity of tobacco smoke leads to some confusion about the mechanisms by which
it causes lung cancer. Among the multiple components of tobacco smoke, 20 carcinogens …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a family of toxicants that are ubiquitous in the
environment. These contaminants generate considerable interest, because some of them …

Exposure assessment is one of the key parts of the risk assessment process. Only intake of
toxicologically significant amounts can lead to adverse health effects even for a relatively …

Measurement of human urinary carcinogen metabolites is a practical approach for obtaining
important information about tobacco and cancer. This review presents currently available …

Measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) metabolites in human urine is the
method of choice to determine occupational and/or environmental exposure of an individual …

Cigarette smoking is an established cause of a variety of cancer types, but its role in breast
cancer etiology is not clear. In this report, the potential role of cigarette smoke carcinogens …

Metabolites of pyrene and DNA adducts have been used as biomarkers of high level
exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A systematic review was performed to …

In a field study with 69 subjects, we investigated the influence of smoking, exposure to
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), diet, and location of residence on biomarkers for …

In order to determine whether smokers of cigarettes in the contemporary yield ranges of the
German market (0.1–1.0 mg nicotine, 1–10mg tar) differ in their actual exposure to various …

Objectives: Wood combustion is used as a major energy source in African countries and
could result in indoor, pollution-related health problems. This exploratory study was …