Smart agriculture using the Internet of Things (IoT) is an Industry 4.0 technology used in rural
and urban environments. Industry 4.0 is a new class of the Industrial Revolution that focuses …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have greatly facilitated life by reducing people's efforts in
different areas such as smart irrigation systems, environmental monitoring, military, medical …

In a smart agriculture system many resource-constrained sensors are installed near the
crops as well as at some strategic locations in an agriculture field to collect relevant crop and …

There are many nodes in a distributed environment that make up a wireless sensor network,
and each node is able to perform reconfiguration tasks to fulfill user requests. Small-scale …

Sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are responsible for the communication of
data. It is very significant to use the sensor nodes in an effective way in order to make it …

Metaheuristics is a process to generate effective, optimized solutions. An optimized solution
requires an efficient decision to carry out network packets from sender to receiver with …

The past few years have witnessed much research interest on energy-efficient routing in
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). With relatively reasonable number of studies published …

Researchers have increasingly focused on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in recent
years, recognizing their versatile applications. The primary focus within WSNs is enhancing …

WSN (wireless sensor network) is a kind of network that assists the sensor nodes (SNs) in
entering and departing the network in accordance with their requirement. The sensor …

Abstract Multi-hop Wireless Sensor networks are designed for various real-time applications,
and it should be appropriately designed to avoid delivery congestion between linked nodes …