Microorganisms are ubiquitous on Earth and can inhabit almost every environment. In a
complex heterogeneous environment or in face of ecological disturbance, the microbes …

Research in extreme environments has substantially expanded our understanding of the
ecology and evolution of life on Earth, but a major group of organisms has been largely …

Antarctica plays a central role in regulating global climatic and oceanographic patterns and
is an integral part of global climate change discussions. The functioning of Antarctica's …

Plant (archaeplastid) evolution has transformed the biosphere, but we are only now
beginning to learn how this took place through comparative genomics, phylogenetics, and …

Zinc is an essential trace metal for oceanic primary producers with the highest
concentrations in polar oceans. However, its role in the biological functioning and adaptive …

The prevalence of pharmaceuticals (PCs), especially antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in various
aquatic ecosystems has been expansively reported, wherein wastewater treatment plants …

The global cryosphere, Earth's frozen water, is in precipitous decline. The ongoing and
predicted impacts of cryosphere loss are diverse, ranging from disappearance of entire …

Microbial communities in the world ocean are affected strongly by oceanic circulation,
creating characteristic marine biomes. The high connectivity of most of the ocean makes it …

Subnival glasshouse plants provide a text-book example of high-altitude adaptation with
reproductive organs enclosed in specialized semi-translucent bracts, monocarpic …

The persistent low temperature that characterize polar habitats combined with the
requirement for light for all photoautotrophs creates a conundrum. The absorption of too …