The international financial system evolved out of the need for trade settlement and trade
credit as early as 4000 BCE. Then, from the late thirteenth century, the capital account …

This book explains how Genoese entrepreneurs transformed the structures of global trade
during the second half of the seventeenth century. The author reconstructs the business …

This article is a case study in the formation and function of commercial networks in the early
Modern Period. Analysing the network structures and strategies of foreign businessmen in …

This article shows how public offices in the early modern period became investment assets
in Castile (Spain). Moreover, it demonstrates that offices fulfilled all the conditions for being …

Medieval and Early-Modern business correspondence between European companies
constitutes a rich source of economic, business, and trade information in that the writing of …

El presente artículo pretende explorar, insertándose en los debates en relación con el
contractor state y la persistencia del sector privado en el negocio de la guerra, la función …

Este artículo reconstruye la formación y evolución de las escuadras de galeras que los
asentistas genoveses gestionaron por cuenta de la Monarquía Hispánica desde las guerras …

Drawing on merchant letters and account books of military entrepreneurs, whose role in
slave markets is still poorly understood, this article explores the Mediterranean activities of …

Recent scholarship has emphasized the socio-economic aspects of the Medici crusading
Order of Santo Stefano–especially regarding its establishment and early history (c. 1562 …

This article analyses how offices became financial assets during the early modern period in
Castile. A contract innovation, repurchasing agreements, allowed office investors to …