The world had been anticipating another influenza pandemic since the last one in 1968. The
pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 virus (A/2009/H1N1) finally arrived, causing the first …

In humans, infection with an influenza A or B virus manifests typically as an acute and self-
limited upper respiratory tract illness characterized by fever, cough, sore throat, and malaise …

Emerging and well-known viral diseases remain one the most important global public health
threats. A better understanding of their pathogenesis and mechanisms of transmission …

Seasonal influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease that remains a major health problem
worldwide, especially in immunocompromised populations. The impact of influenza disease …

The influenza virus-host interaction is a classic arms race. The recurrent and evolving nature
of the influenza virus family allows a single host to be infected several times. Locked in co …

Influenza A virus is an important respiratory pathogen that poses a considerable threat to
public health each year during seasonal epidemics and even more so when a pandemic …

Background Studying cytokine/chemokine responses in severe influenza infections caused
by different virus subtypes may improve understanding on pathogenesis. Methods Adults …

Increasing globalization, agricultural intensification, urbanization, and climatic changes have
resulted in a significant recent increase in emerging infectious zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic …

Abstract Introduction Pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza causes severe lower respiratory
complications in rare cases. The association between host immune responses and clinical …

Hundreds of immune cell types work in coordination to maintain tissue homeostasis. Upon
infection, dramatic changes occur with the localization, migration, and proliferation of the …