Uma análise crua e perturbadora das ameaças às democracias em todo o mundo.
Democracias tradicionais entram em colapso? Essa é a questão que Steven Levitsky e …

How do some dictatorships become institutionalized ruled-based systems, while others
remain heavily personalist? Once implemented, do executive constraints actually play an …

This Element introduces the concept of institutional weakness, arguing that weakness or
strength is a function of the extent to which an institution actually matters to social, economic …

El presente artículo da cuenta de los acontecimientos del año 2019 centrándose en la grave
crisis política que se desató entre el gobierno y el congreso, y su salida institucional. El …

In recent decades, prominent national leaders like Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and
Venezuela's Hugo Chávez gained power through democratic institutions, only to undermine …

Does the executive's institutional hegemony represent a risk to the survival of democracy?
By hegemony, we refer to the president's ability to control other institutions, particularly the …

This article discusses how electoral irregularities contributed to democratic backsliding in
Venezuela under chavista rule (1999-2019). It draws from an original database of electoral …

Is American democracy under threat? The question is more prominent in political debate
now than at any time in recent memory. However, it is also too blunt; there is widespread …

Was Brazil's President Dilma Rousseff victim of a coup or removed through a legal process
of impeachment? The heated debate on the 2016 ousting of Brazil's president testifies to the …

The past decade has witnessed a worldwide explosion of work aimed at illuminating judicial-
behavior: the choices judges make and the consequences of their choices. We focus on …