Background Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled
macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) function as a mode of intercellular communication and
molecular transfer to elicit diverse biological/functional response. Accumulating evidence …

Cuproptosis is a new cell death that depends on copper (Cu) ionophores to transport Cu into
cancer cells, which induces cell death. However, existing Cu ionophores are small …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a frequent and intractable chronic condition in
orthopedics that causes enormous discomfort in patients' lives and thoughts, as well as a …

There is a dramatic remodeling of the T cell compartment during aging. The most notorious
changes are the reduction of the naive T cell pool and the accumulation of memory-like T …

According to the Geroscience concept that organismal aging and age-associated diseases
share the same basic molecular mechanisms, the identification of biomarkers of age that can …

Inflammation is the defense mechanism of the immune system against harmful stimuli such
as pathogens, toxic compounds, damaged cells, radiation, etc., and is characterized by …

As the thymus involutes during aging, the T‐cell pool has to be maintained by the periodic
expansion of preexisting T cells during adulthood. A conundrum is that repeated episodes of …

In recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treating solid
tumors, although its efficacy remains limited to a subset of patients. Transforming non …

Dendritic cells (DCs) bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Their main function is to present
antigens to prime T cells and initiate and shape adaptive responses. Antigen presentation …