The oxidative stress-inducible cystine/glutamate exchange system, system xc−, transports
one molecule of cystine, the oxidized form of cysteine, into cells and thereby releases one …

The transport of amino acids in kidney and intestine is critical for the supply of amino acids to
all tissues and the homeostasis of plasma amino acid levels. This is illustrated by a number …

The amino acids represent our largest group of mutually analogous nutrients.
Correspondingly wide is their representation among metabolites and body components. The …

Embryonic loss and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are significant problems in
humans and other animals. Results from studies involving pigs and sheep have indicated …

Palacı́n, Manuel, Raúl Estévez, Joan Bertran, and Antonio Zorzano. Molecular Biology of
Mammalian Plasma Membrane Amino Acid Transporters. Physiol. Rev. 78: 969–1054, 1998 …

The small intestine mediates the absorption of amino acids after ingestion of protein and
sustains the supply of amino acids to all tissues. The small intestine is an important …

Glutamine and glutamate with proline, histidine, arginine and ornithine, comprise 25% of the
dietary amino acid intake and constitute the “glutamate family” of amino acids, which are …

While transport processes for amino acids and glucose have long been known to be
expressed in the luminal and abluminal membranes of the endothelium comprising the …

Devés, R., and CAR Boyd. Transporters for Cationic Amino Acids in Animal Cells: Discovery,
Structure, and Function. Physiol. Rev. 78: 487–545, 1998.—The structure and function of the …

Cystinuria is a classic heritable aminoaciduria that involves the defective transepithelial
transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the kidney and intestine. Six missense …