In 2018, 550,000 people were diagnosed with bladder cancer (BC), of which nearly 200,000
people died. Moreover, men are 4 times more likely than women to be diagnosed with BC …

Despite elaborate characterization of the risk factors, bladder cancer is still a major
epidemiological problem whose incidence continues to rise each year. Urothelial carcinoma …

Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) belong to a family of transcription factors (TF) responsive to
a low O2 availability, which is often a characteristic feature of solid tumors. The alpha …

Malignant tumors usually involve a relatively hypoxic state, which induces overexpression of
hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) to satisfactorily enable the tumor to survive. Thus …

Abstract Purpose of the Review Angiogenesis plays a key role in bladder cancer (BC)
pathogenesis. In the last two decades, an increasing number of publications depicting a …

As a novel mode of tumor neovascularization, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has been reported
to increase tumor-related mortality in many different solid tumors. In the present study, two …

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene plays a key role in
angiogenesis and tumor growth. The relationship between VEGF gene polymorphisms and …

• Introduction• Angiogenesis is genetically pre‐determined• Mutations causing vascular
anomalies‐Venous anomalies‐Haemangiomas‐The transforming growth factor‐ß in …

ABSTRACT Background The von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene and hypoxia-
inducible factor-1α (HIF1A) play a pivotal role in renal carcinogenesis. This study was aimed …

Abnormal survivin expression has been reported to be involved in many types of cancer. A
single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), C‐31G, located in the promoter region of survivin …