A rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are natural
consequences of prolonged exercise in the heat. This review provides a comprehensive and …

The accurate definition and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major
achievements of modern nephrology. Intensive research is now being undertaken to unravel …

Human cells dwell in salt water. Their well-being depends on the ability of the body to
regulate the salinity of extracellular fluids. By controlling water intake and excretion, the …

Thirst motivates animals to find and consume water. More than 40 years ago, a set of
interconnected brain structures known as the lamina terminalis was shown to govern thirst …

Systemic osmoregulation is a vital process whereby changes in plasma osmolality, detected
by osmoreceptors, modulate ingestive behaviour, sympathetic outflow and renal function to …

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH), located in the ventral diencephalon
adjacent to the third ventricle, is a highly conserved brain region present in species from …

The volume of extracellular fluid (ECF) is maintained within narrow limits in normal human
subjects, despite day-to-day variations in dietary intake of salt and water over a wide range …

Objective Locomotor training (LT) as a therapeutic intervention following spinal cord injury
(SCI) is an effective rehabilitation strategy for improving motor outcomes, but its impact on …

Water intake is one of the most basic physiological responses and is essential to sustain life.
The perception of thirst has a critical role in controlling body fluid homeostasis and if …

This review provides examples of possible biological mechanisms that could, at least partly,
explain the existing epidemiological evidence of heatwave-related exacerbation of mental …