Epidemiological sex differences in anxiety disorders and major depression are well
characterized. Yet the circuits and mechanisms that contribute to these differences are …

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The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the
presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive …

A model of the neuropsychology of anxiety is proposed. The model is based in the first
instance upon an analysis of the behavioural effects of the antianxiety drugs …

▪ Abstract Naturally occurring variations in maternal care alter the expression of genes that
regulate behavioral and endocrine responses to stress, as well as hippocampal synaptic …

Anxiety is a psychological, physiological, and behavioral state induced in animals and
humans by a threat to well-being or survival, either actual or potential. It is characterized by …

Signs and symptoms that are characteristic for depression include changes in the setpoint of
the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system, which in the majority of these …

The glucocorticoid receptor (Gr, encoded by the gene Grl1) controls transcription of target
genes both directly by interaction with DNA regulatory elements and indirectly by cross-talk …

Since corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was first characterized, a growing family of ligands
and receptors has evolved. The mammalian family members include CRF, urocortinI (UcnI) …