Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is crucial for addressing energy consumption
challenges in urban environments. This study investigates the significant role of geometric …

Net primary productivity (NPP) assumes a pivotal role in the realm of plant growth, organic
matter production, and carbon cycling. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the …

Sub-daily precipitation extremes could intensify with temperature at a higher rate than the
scaling for daily precipitation extremes, posing increasing risks to natural ecosystem and …

Due to higher levels of urbanization and increasing impermeable hard land covers, green
spaces are decreasing, resulting in stormwater loss as surface runoff instead of being …

Precipitation is an important variable affecting regional climate characteristics. Accurately
identifying trends in precipitation is essential for understanding the evolution of the water …

Detecting and predicting extreme weather events are important for the risk management,
human health and social economy. Here, we comprehensively investigate the historical and …

Extreme high temperature (EHT) events are the major indicator of global warming and their
effect on natural ecosystems and agricultural production. The present study investigates the …

This study used a dataset of 30 years (1990–2020) of daily observations from 24
meteorological stations in the northern highlands of Pakistan to assess trends in extreme …

In recent decades, extreme events have caused greater damage to the ecosystem and
human livelihood. Therefore, assessing variation in such events and their causes is crucial …

This study assessed the past changes in extreme precipitation and temperature events
across the Himalayan Mountains of Pakistan. This cold and mountainous environmental …