As the range of decisions made by Artificial Intelligence (AI) expands, the need for
Explainable AI (XAI) becomes increasingly critical. The reasoning behind the specific …

Over the past two decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced rapid development
and is being used in a wide range of sectors and activities, including finance. In the …

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) measures have grown significantly as
sustainable investment has become a key driver of capital allocation. Sustainable …

Financial institutions employ credit rating systems to classify new borrowers, set loan terms,
and determine collateral requirements. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are …

Abstract Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have played a significant role in the
development of any economy. However, easy access to finance from financial institutions is …

Small firms are major contributors to most economies, often supported by government
policies. However, the credit scoring of small firms is complicated and costly, making it a …

Previous studies have characterized spatial patterns of air pollution with land-use regression
(LUR) models. However, the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollution, the contribution …

With the continuous improvement of China's legal system, corporate litigation risk has
become a hot topic of academic research. This paper selects data from 2011 to 2020 to …

The current world situation leads us to consider that sustainable development needs to be a
global priority to ensure the future of the planet and improve the quality of life. There is a …

Abstract During coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) the number of fraudulent transactions is
expanding at a rate of alarming (7,352,421 online transaction records). Additionally, the …