The hygiene hypothesis was proposed almost three decades ago. Nevertheless, its
mechanism still remains with relevant controversies. Some studies defend that early …

It is estimated that by the year 2035 almost 600 million people will suffer from diabetes. In
the case of type 2 diabetes, the strongest increase of diabetes incidence occurs in …

The human pathogenic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis infects approximately 30–100
million people worldwide. Analysis of the adaptive immune response to S. stercoralis …

Helminths have accompanied human throughout history by releasing immune-evasion
molecules that could counteract an aberrant immune response within the host. In the past …

Type-1 Diabetes (T1D) is a complex polygenic autoimmune disorder involving T-cell driven
beta-cell destruction leading to hyperglycemia. There is no cure for T1D and patients rely on …

Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) is known to exert protective effects against various allergic and
autoimmune disorders. It has been reported that this parasite protects NOD mice from …

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which cells of the immune
system destroy pancreatic β cells, which secrete insulin. The high prevalence of T1D in …

Helminth infection can reduce the severity of inflammatory bowel disease. However, the
modulatory mechanisms elicited by helminth infection are not yet fully understood and vary …

Parasitic helminths are recognised as master modulators of the host immune system. This
has led to them being considered as a novel therapy for human diseases associated with …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the selective destruction of the
pancreatic β‐cells, causing inability to produce insulin. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL …