West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic flavivirus responsible for mild fever to severe,
lethal neuroinvasive disease in humans, horses, birds, and other wildlife species. Since its …

The skin is a barrier between the internal and external environment of an organism.
Depending on the species, it participates in multiple functions. The skin is the organ that …

Ten years ago,'Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian
perspective'was published. At the time, our understanding of the reptilian immune system …

Since their discovery in 2014, reptile nidoviruses (also known as serpentoviruses) have
emerged as significant pathogens worldwide. They are known for causing severe and often …

Simple Summary A critical global health problem is microbial resistance to antibiotics. In
order to further discuss this issue and search for practical means to overcome such …

Ophidiomycosis (snake fungal disease) is caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola
and threatens snake health worldwide. It has been documented throughout the eastern …

Climate warming is expected to affect the vulnerability of sympatric species differentially due
to their divergent traits, but the underlying physiological mechanisms of those impacts are …

Lizards are the closest relatives of mammals capable of tail regeneration, but the specific
determinants of amniote regenerative capabilities are currently unknown. Macrophages are …

Simple Summary Sea Turtles have a unique immune system, which evolved over millions of
years in the persistent host-pathogen arms race. As this species occupies a unique …

Simple Summary Little is known about the ability of reptile owners to meet the needs of their
pet animals. In this study, 220 pet reptile owners in Portugal reported their knowledge of …